This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots, SIMPAR 2010, held in Darmstadt, Germany, in November 2010. The 28 revised full papers and 17 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 74 submissions. 13 papers address methodologies and environments of robot simulation, 14 refer to methodologies of autonomous robot programming and middleware, 18 describe applications and case studies. The papers are organized in topical sections on simulation, programming, and applications.