222
118
, copolyesters 139
, rearing 222
, active site determinations 284—285
, mutation studies 279
, phytase isolation 278—279
, phytase production with 266—268
, sequence studies 281—284
243—246
246—248
248—250
115—116
257
257
, application 4—6
, as biological insecticide 16—17
, description 1—4
, genes see " genes"
, novel strains, construction 17—18
, protein structure 10—14
, recombinant strains, construction 18—19
, resistance 25—27
, resistance management via refuges 28—29
, resistance management via rotations 27—28
, resistance management via toxin mixtures 28
, toxins, classification 6—10
, toxins, delivery systems 21—26
, toxins, dosage 29—30
, toxins, mechanisms of action 14—16
, vectors, baculoviruses as 21
231—233
genes 8—10
genes in Bt strain construction 18—19
genes in transgenic microbe construction 19—20
genes, expression in plants 22—25
genes, insect-tolerance and 31—33
genes, screening 12—14
genes, structure 10—12
, 222
233—236
229—231
118
227—228
228
158
see " "
118 158—159
224—226
228—229
-Butyrolactone polymerization 114—115
-Ketothiolases 140
-Lactone, polymerization 111—113
-Endotoxins 30
Acetoacyl-CoA reductase 140—142
Acid phosphatase, active site determinations 284—285
Acid phosphatase, characterization 279—281
Acid phosphatase, cloning 288—291
Acid phosphatase, enzyme engineering studies 285—288
Acid phosphatase, immobilization studies 291—292
Acid phosphatase, sequence studies 281—284
Acidification 82
Activated sludge 164—165
Aeration 63
Agitation 63
Archaebacteria, carbohydrate-utilizing halophilic 125
Bacillus spp., Bacillus alvei systematics 241—243
Bacillus spp., biology 256
Bacillus spp., candidate cultures 252
Bacillus spp., fermentation 252—253
Bacillus spp., general considerations 221—222
Bacillus spp., Indian meal moths and 228
Bacillus spp., products from 255—256
Bacillus spp., sources 221—222
Bacillus spp., strain comparison techniques 236—241
Bacillus spp., targets 222
Bacillus spp., toxins 253—256
bacteria see also "Archaehacteria"
Bacteria in lactic acid production 50—54
Bacteria nitrogen-fixing 122—125
Bacteria PHAs, biosynthesis 128—135
Bacteria, phytase sources 272
Baculoviruses, as Bt vectors 21
batch processes 65—66
Beetles see "Cigarette beetles"
Biodegradable polyesters 169—173
Biodegradable polyesters, application 169—173
Biodegradable polyesters, classification 98—100
Biodegradable polyesters, granules 146—151
Biodegradable polyesters, microbial production 158—164
Biodegradable polyesters, natural 100
Biodegradable polyesters, synthetic 100—104
Biodegradable polyesters, terminology 107
Biodegradation 173—176
Biodegradation, approaches 176—179
Biodegradation, bacterial 176—179
Biodegradation, Biopol 181—182
Biodegradation, enzymatic 179—180
Biodegradation, extracellular 176
Biodegradation, factors effects 182—187
Biodegradation, hydrolytic 179—180
Biodegradation, in natural environments 181
Biodegradation, methanogenic 176
Biodegradation, PHA depolymerases in 187—194
Biodegradation, polymer composition and 187
Biodegradation, synthetic polyesters 194—198
Biodegradation, temperature and 183—184
Biodegradation, under aerobic conditions 185
Biological controls 257—258
Biological insecticides, as 16—17
Biopolymers, description 97—98
Biting blackfly larvae 224—226
Bt see "
Centrifugation 82—83
Cigarette beetles 227—228
Clean Water Act 45
Conjugation, in Bt strains construction 17—18
Continuous membrane cell recycle systems 68—71
Continuous stirred tank reactor systems 66—68
Copolymer P(HB-co-HV), polymerization 113—114
Cornstarch, phytase synthesis and 274—278
Cutin 100
Dialysis systems 77—79
Distillation, lactic acid 83
Dutch cloning studies 290
Feed studies 292—295
Fermentations 242
Fermentations 244—246
Fermentations 246—247
Fermentations 250
Fermentations spp. 252—253
Fermentations, extractive 84—85
Fermentations, lactic acid, acidification 82
Fermentations, lactic acid, adsorption 83—84
Fermentations, lactic acid, aeration 63—64
Fermentations, lactic acid, agitation 63—64
Fermentations, lactic acid, bacteria 50—54
Fermentations, lactic acid, batch processes 65—66
Fermentations, lactic acid, centrifugation 82—83
Fermentations, lactic acid, continuous membrane cell recycle systems 68—71
Fermentations, lactic acid, continuous stirred tank reactor systems 66—68
Fermentations, lactic acid, dialysis systems 77—79
Fermentations, lactic acid, economics 87—88
Fermentations, lactic acid, equipment 63
Fermentations, lactic acid, history 45—47
Fermentations, lactic acid, HPLC 86—87
Fermentations, lactic acid, immobilized cell systems 71—77
Fermentations, lactic acid, inoculum development 64—65
Fermentations, lactic acid, ion exchange 83—84
Fermentations, lactic acid, microfiltration 82—83
| Fermentations, lactic acid, modeling studies 79—81
Fermentations, lactic acid, molds 54
Fermentations, lactic acid, on-line control systems 87
Fermentations, lactic acid, pH control 86
Fermentations, lactic acid, process control 85—86
Fermentations, lactic acid, process kinetics 79—81
Fermentations, lactic acid, process systems 58—64
Fermentations, lactic acid, purification 82
Fermentations, lactic acid, raw materials 54—58
Fermentations, lactic acid, reverse osmosis 84
Fermentations, lactic acid, solvent extraction 84—85
Fermentations, lactic acid, sterilization 63
Fermentations, lactic acid, temperature control 63—64
Fermentations, lactic acid, tubular bioreactors 71
Fermentations, lactic acid, ultrafiltration 82—83
Fermentations, PHAs 159—161
Fungi see also " "
Fungi, phytase sources 272—273
Granules 146—151
High-performance liquid chromatography 86—87
HPLC see "High-performance liquid chromatography"
Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 140—142
Immobilization 291—292
Immobilized cell systems 71—77
Indian meal moths 228
Inoculum development 64—65
Insect tolerance in plants 21—26
Insect tolerance, Cry genes and 31—33
Insecticides see "Biological insecticides"
Ion exchange 83—84
Lactic acid, commercial uses 48—50
Lactic acid, distillation 83
Lactic acid, fermentation, acidification 82
Lactic acid, fermentation, adsorption 83—84
Lactic acid, fermentation, aeration 63—64
Lactic acid, fermentation, agitation 63—64
Lactic acid, fermentation, bacteria 50—54
Lactic acid, fermentation, batch processes 65—66
Lactic acid, fermentation, centrifugation 82—83
Lactic acid, fermentation, continuous membrane cell recycle systems 68—71
Lactic acid, fermentation, continuous stirred tank reactor systems 66—68
Lactic acid, fermentation, dialysis systems 77—-79
Lactic acid, fermentation, economics 87—88
Lactic acid, fermentation, equipment 63
Lactic acid, fermentation, history 45—47
Lactic acid, fermentation, HPLC 86—87
Lactic acid, fermentation, immobilized cell systems 71—77
Lactic acid, fermentation, inoculum development 64—65
Lactic acid, fermentation, ion exchange 83—84
Lactic acid, fermentation, microfiltration 82—83
Lactic acid, fermentation, microorganisms 50—54
Lactic acid, fermentation, modeling studies 79—81
Lactic acid, fermentation, molds 54
Lactic acid, fermentation, on-line control systems 87
Lactic acid, fermentation, pH control 86
Lactic acid, fermentation, precipitation 82
Lactic acid, fermentation, process control 85—86
Lactic acid, fermentation, process kinetics 79—81
Lactic acid, fermentation, process systems 58—64
Lactic acid, fermentation, purification 82
Lactic acid, fermentation, raw materials 54—58
Lactic acid, fermentation, reverse osmosis 84
Lactic acid, fermentation, solvent extraction 84—85
Lactic acid, fermentation, sterilization 63
Lactic acid, fermentation, temperature control 63—64
Lactic acid, fermentation, tubular bioreactors 71
Lactic acid, fermentation, ultrafiltration 82—83
Lactic acid, properties 47—48
Microbes see "Transgenic microbe construction"
Microfiltration 82—83
Microorganisms, in phytase production 266—268
Molds, in lactic acid production 54
Mosquito larvae 222
Moths see "Indian meal moths"
Mussels see "Zebra mussels"
Nematodes, phytoparasitic 229—231
Nematodes, zooparasitic 228—229
Nitrogen, PHB synthesis and 154—155
Nutrition, phytic acid in 270—271
Osmosis see "Reverse osmosis"
Pan Labs cloning studies 290—291
Pellet formation, in phytase synthesis 278—279
pH control 86
PHA synthase (polymerase) 143—146
PHAs see "Poly(hydroxyalkanoates)""
PHB see "Poly(-hydroxybutyrate)"
Phosphorous, phytase synthesis and 274—278
Phototrophs 116—118
Phytase, producing 266—268 272—273
Phytase, active site determinations 284—285
Phytase, bacterial sources 272
Phytase, characterization 279—281
Phytase, cloning 288—291
Phytase, enzyme engineering studies 285—288
Phytase, feed studies 292—295
Phytase, fungal sources 272—273
Phytase, immobilization studies 291—292
Phytase, microorganisms producing 266—268
Phytase, plant sources 271
Phytase, pollution abatement and 295—296
Phytase, product development 263—269
Phytase, sequence studies 281—284
Phytase, synthesis, cornstarch source effects 274—278
Phytase, synthesis, medium ingredient effects 278—279
Phytase, synthesis, pellet formation effects 278—279
Phytase, synthesis, phosphorous effects 274—278
Phytase, synthesis, yields 278—279
Phytic acid in nutrition, role 270—271
Phytic acid in plants, role 269—270
Plants see also "Transgenic plants"
Plants, phytase sources 271—274
Plants, phytic acid in, role 269—270
Pollution abatement 295—296
Poly(-hydroxyalkanoates) 146
Poly(-hydroxyalkanoates), granules 149-151
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in 118
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in 115—116
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in 118
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in 158
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in 118 158—159
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in activated sludge 164—165
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in natural environments 164—165
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in nitrogen-fixing bacteria 122—125
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in phototrophs 116—118
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) in transgenic plants 125—126
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate) physical properties 165—169
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, approaches 176—179
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, bacterial 176—179
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, Biopol 181—182
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, enzymatic 179—180
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, extracellular 176
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, factors effects 182—187
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, hydrolytic 179—180
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, methanogenic 176 176—179
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, PHA depolymerases in 187—194
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, polymer composition 187
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, temperature and 183—184
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, under aerobic conditions 185
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradation, under natural environments 181
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis 128—135 135—138
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis with copolyesters 139
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis with -ketothiolases 140
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis with acetoacyl-CoA reductase 140—142
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis with hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 140—142
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis, PHA synthase (polymerase) 143—146
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), carbohydrate-utilizing halophilic archaebacteria 125
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), characterization 128
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), chemical synthesis 107—115
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), chemotrophs 118—125
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), descriptions 104—107
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