This text is an account of how micro-organisms can play a significant role in degrading and detoxifying toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic compounds. Moreover, the volume deals with all aspects of microbial degradation, ranging from screening methods for the degradative micro-organisms, processes of degradation, strain improvement for enhanced biodegradation, and elimination of undesirable compounds to improving health and environmental protection strategies. The book aims to provide an opportunity for scientists in the areas of microbiology, biochemistry, engineering, food science, biotechnology, and environmental science to obtain a clear understanding of microbial biotransformations of xenobiotics, as well as an interface between industry and the academic world. It also aims to open new vistas of research in the field of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in general, and Biotransformations in particular.