This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Research and Education in Robotics, EUROBOT 2008, held in Heidelberg, Germany, in May 2008. The EUROBOT Conference 2008 was accompanied by the international amateur robotics contest EUROBOTopen final, edition 2008. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from the 33 papers which had built the main program of the conference. A fundamental aspect of EUROBOT is the promotion of sciences and technology among young students and researchers. The theme for 2008 was "Mission to Mars". This resulted in interesting robots as well as interesting papers for this volume.