The human cardiovascular and respiratory control systems represent an important focal point for developing physiological control theory because of the complexity of the control mechanisms involved, the interaction between cardiovascular and respiratory func­tion, and the importance of this interaction in many clinical situations. This volume brings together the range of control processes involved in the effective regulation of these systems and develops modeling themes, strategies, and key clinical applications using contemporary mathematical and control methodologies. The reader will gain an appreciation of how analytical techniques and ideas from optimal control theory, systems theory, and numerical analysis can be utilized to better understand the regulation processes in human cardiovascular and respiratory systems.