This paper demonstrates that thermodynamically consistent lattice Boltzmann models for single-component multiphase flows can be derived from a kinetic equation using both Enskog’s theory for dense fluids and meanfield theory for long-range molecular interaction. The lattice Boltzmann models derived this way satisfy the correct mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. All the thermodynamic variables in these LBM models are consistent. The strengths and weaknesses of previous lattice Boltzmann multiphase models are analyzed.