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Prigogine I. — From being to becoming: time and complexity in the physical sciences.
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Название: From being to becoming: time and complexity in the physical sciences.Автор: Prigogine I. Аннотация: This book is about time. I would like to have named it Time, the Forgotten Dimension, although such a title might surprise some readers. Is not time incorporated from the start in dynamics, in the study of motion? Is not time the very point of concern of the special theory of relativity? This is certainly true. However, in the dynamical description, be it classical or quantum, time enters only in a quite restricted way, in the sense that these equations are invariant with respect to time inversion, t —> — t. Although a specific type of interaction, the so-called superweak interaction, seems to violate this time symmetry, the violation plays no role in the problems that are the subject of this book.
Язык: Рубрика: Физика /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 1980Количество страниц: 289Добавлена в каталог: 09.04.2006Операции: Положить на полку |
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Предметный указатель
Koros, E. 122 Koyre, A. 2 Lactose operon 123 Lagrange, J. 3 19 Landau, L. 10 50 Langevin equation 148—149 Langevin, P. 148 Laplace, P. 3 Law of Large Numbers 131—134 140 204 Lebowitz, J. 37 165 219 Lefever, R. 116 147 Lemarchand, H. 142 Lifetime 68 70 199 Lifschitz, E. 10 50 Light, J.C. 165 Limit cycle 99 100 109—110 144 Linear operator 25 Liouville equation 25 26 28 57 66 169 170 Liouville operator 26 37 58 63 180 193 207 Local equilibrium 86 Logistic curve 123 Long range fluctuation see “fluctuation” Long-range order 104 144 Loschmidt's reversibility paradox 166 Lotka — Volterra model 95—99 107 Lotka, A.J. 96 Lyapounov function 6—8 45 90 92—94 157 158—161 164 167—168 170—173 180—182 186 188 190—191 196—197 212 Lyapounov operator see “entropy operator” Lyapounov representation 199 Lyapounov theorem 7 Lyapounov, A. 6 Macroobservables 64 Macroscopic level 103 210 Malek-Mansour, M. 144 147 Mandelbrot, B. 35 36 Mapping 189 Margalef, R. 128 Marginal stability 97 Markov equations 137 Markov processes 135 157 160 163 182 187 211 Master equation 5 144 192 Maxwell velocity distribution 159—161 Maxwell, J.C. 33 159 May, R.M. 96 146 McNeil, A.J. 105 Mean field theory 138 150 Measurement 13 44 48 53 65 67 70 241—248 Mehra, J. 47 170 Membranes 116 Meson 69 Metabolic oscillation 122 Metabolic reaction 83 Metabolism 95 122 Metastable state 147 microcanonical ensemble 29 168 173 190 Microcanonical surface 32 35 37 Microscopic description 3 155 210 Microscopic entropy 158 173—174 Microscopic production 174 187 Microscopic theory of irreversible processes 179—180 Minimum-production entropy 88 90 Minorski, N. 171 Misra, B. 157 171 188 219 226 242 Mixing flow 37 43 188 Mixing systems 35 42 165 176 193 208 Mixture 26 44 60 62 66 180 197 241—248 Mole fraction 79 91 Molecular chaos 162 Molecular disorder 10 Morphogenesis 110 119 Morphology 112 119 Moser, J. 19 38 42 Most probable state 11 Mutation 109 128 Neutron star 4 Newton, I. 3 19—20 210 Newtonian dynamics 3—4 Nicolis, G. 6 98 105 120 123 137 139 140—141 142 144 145 147 Noncommutativity 51 Nonequilibrium fluctuations 131 Nonequilibrium phase transition 138—142 Nonequilibrium thermodynamics 84 Normal mode 56 96 Noyes mechanism 121 Noyes, R.M. 120—121 Nucleation process 134 145 147 Nucleotide 108 Number of complexions 10 80 84 89 Numerical computation 38 Observables 54 196 Onsager relations 86—87 201 Onsager, L. 31 87 Open system 6 78 Operator 26—27 49 54 174 Orban, J. 163 166 Order through fluctuation 100 124 132 Oregonator 121 Ornstein, D.S. 219 Orthonormality 52 60 Oscillation 143 Oscillatory reactions 122—123 143—144 Pacault, A. 122 Paley, R. 68 Paramagnetic system 144 Pasta, J. 38 Pauli equation 192 Pauli, W. 244 Pendulum 43 119 Periodic behavior 40 68 Perturbation in Hamiltonian 40 55 191 Phase space 22—26 35 44 61 66 196 Phase transition 138 141 Photon 59 69 70 197 Planck constant 4 47 Planck, M. 5 8 47 156 Poincare catastrophe 41—43 165 176 191 193 208 232—240 Poincare theorem 32 41 165 192 Poincare — Misra theorem 171 174 Poincare, H. 19 32 38 157—158 165 171 173 203 205 206 Poisson bracket 23 25 63 Poisson distribution 133 137—138 146 Polymer 108 potential energy 22 30—31 43 55 56 Potential function 107 Prigogine, I. 6 26 49 79 81 87 88 91 98 105 109 120 123 137 139 145 155 167—168 181 182 187 191 193—194 196 199 219 226 242 252 probability 11 24 62 80 131 Probability amplitude 53 57 58 probability distribution 133 137 Probability processes 26 57 Projection operator 191 Proteins 108 Proton 1 59 Pure case 26 44 60 66—67 180 197 241—248 Pure state see “pure case” Quantization rules 51 quantum mechanics 4 13 20 27 47 50 56 59 65 205 Quantum statistics 59 Quasi-ergodic hypothesis 33—34 Random behavior 40 Random force 148 Random motion 42 176 Random walk 11 135 Rate equations 6 7 Rational mechanics 20 Rauscher, W. 122 Reaction-diffusion equations 104 204 Reaction-diffusion system 117 Reactive collision 132 Reduction of the wave packet 66 Regulation 83 122 Relative fluctuations 134 Renormalization 197 Representative ensemble 23 Resibois, P. 233—234 Resolvent 191 Resonance 41 232—240 Reversible processes 6 66 77 Rice, S. 165 Rosenfeld, L. 49 51 Ross, W.D. 2 Rotator 48 Scalar product 52 54 Scattering 197 Schaeffer, D. 120 Schlogl model 139 148 Schlogl, F. 139 Schoenberg, A. 51 Schrodinger equation 57—58 77 131 179—180 Schrodinger representation 64 Schrodinger, E. 50 56 156 202 Schuster, P. 109 Second law of thermodynamics 5—8 12 47 77 157 194 196 Self-adjoint operator see “Hermitian operator” Self-organization 13 77 119 Semigroup 26 212 Sharma, K. 121 Similitude transformation 55 Sinai, Y. 35 37 Slime mold 123 Snow crystals 81 82 Sommerfeld, A. 48 70 250 Space-time structure 103 204 Specific heat 91 Spectrum 28 68 180 Spencer, H. 84 Spinoza, B. 203 215 Stability 7 42—44 99 103 123 Stability conditions 91 94 Stanley, H.E. 138 Star-Hermiticity 185 Star-unitary operator 185 Star-unitary transformation 184 198—199 State vector 56 Stationary state 87 Steady state 87 90 Steady state, dissipative structure 110 Stey, G. 234 236 Stochastic differential equation 149 Stochastic processes 26 Stochastic systems 35 Stoichiometric coefficient 84 Structural stability 105 123—126 Subdynamics 194 Supercritical behavior 99—100 Superoperator 180 198 Superposition principle 241—248 Swift, J. 138 Symmetry breaking 100 145 196 Temperature 5 9 Theodosopulu, M. 196 thermal conductivity 162 thermal diffusion 81 Thermodynamic branch 95—95 99 104 113 123 Thermodynamic description 13 Thermodynamic equilibrium 8 29 33 86 90 Thermodynamic limit 28 141 190 Thermodynamic potential 80 Thermodynamic stability 90 Thermodynamics 23 32 78 196 Thom, R. 106 Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin) 77—78 Three-body problem 20 Time 12 56 206 Time direction 6 26 Time evolution 24 26 56—58 Time inversion 2 6 77 166 212 Time operator 176 188—190 209 219—231 Time symmetry breaking 143 Time variation 56 64 Tolman, R.C 23 25 Trace (operator) 61 Trajectory 2 8 20 38—39 44 197 210 Transfer energy 41 Transfer momentum 41 Transformation theory 181—187 Transition probability 26 135 Trimolecular model see “Brusselator” Tsuchya, Y. 147 149 Turing bifurcation 110 Turing, A. 110 Turner, J.W. 116 140—141 Two-body problem 20 Uhlenbeck, G. 170 Ulam, S. 38 Uncertainty relations 51 70 131 188 209 Unimolecular reaction 136 Unitary operator 54 55 Unitary transformation 66 183 199 Universal constants 4 Unperturbed Hamiltonian 40 43 55 191—193 Unstable particles 67 69 Valency forces 104 Van der Waals forces 104 van der Waals theory 138 140 van der Waals, J.D. 138 Variance 133 138 Vectors 51—53 Velocity distribution function 159 167 170 192 Velocity inversion 164 166 182 viscosity 4 156 162 Voigt, W. 87 Volterra, V. 96 von Neumann, J. 35 64—66 Walgraef, D. 138 Walls, D.F. 105 Wave function 49 52 58 65 132 179 Wave propagation 195 Wave-particle duality 202 Weak stability 43—45 165—166 170 175 188 208 211 Weiss, G. 138 Welch, R. 83 Whittaker, E. 41 Wiener, N. 68 Wigner, E. 66 69 Wilson, K. 138 Winkler, R. 10 108 Zermelo's recurrence paradox 165 Zermelo, E. 165 Zhabotinskii, A.M. 120
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