Àâòîðèçàöèÿ
Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì
Fletcher H. — Speech and Hearing in Communication
Îáñóäèòå êíèãó íà íàó÷íîì ôîðóìå Íàøëè îïå÷àòêó?
Íàçâàíèå: Speech and Hearing in CommunicationÀâòîð: Fletcher H. Àííîòàöèÿ: Stemming from the great volume of research done in this field at the Bell telephone laboratories, this book is the developed logically from a single general problem. If a talker (T) of described characteristics speaks into a transmission system S of described characteristics, how well will a listener recognize the sounds spoken at T? To provide the great range of information needed to enable the reader to deal properly with this problem, this book deals with three issues: 1. A fundamental description of the speaking process and the speech waves created by talking as well as the methods of describing the Talker (T). 2. The hearing process in the methods of describing the listener. 3. The interaction of the Talker (T) and the system (S) and the Listener. Thoroughly revised and substantially rewritten, this new second edition brings every phase of the subject up-to-date. For example, Chapter 14, the space-time pattern of hearing is entirely new, and gives a mathematical treatment of the dynamics of the hearing process. The results of this analysis are in the excellent agreement with the epochmaking experimental results of Bekesg, and mark a significant milestone in our understanding of the mechanism of hearing. This book appeals to those interested primarily in speech, such as teachers of speech and phonetic experts, to those interested chiefly in hearing such as otologists, audiologists and workers and hearing clinics, and to those interested in many applications of the subject, such as electrical, communications and radio engineers. Illustrated with charts, diagrams and graphs.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 472Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 19.05.2013Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Random noise, in voder 8 Rayleigh disk 125 Receiver, bone conduction 149—150 Recognition of speech see "Articulation"" Reference tone 177 Reissner's membrane 108 Reproduction, 2—channel 220—221 225 226 228 229 Reproduction, 3-channel 220 225 226 228 229 Reproduction, close-up 228 Resistance noise 98 Resonance, characteristic resonant frequencies of speech 52—57 Resonance, frequency vs. distance from stapes 240 Resonance, regions of 5 Resonance, theory of Helmholtz 118 Retzius, G. 109 Reverberation at sending and receiving end 352—354 Reverberation in sending and receiving rooms, distortion due to 352—354 Riesz, R.R. 8 144—145 Rods of corti 237 Romanow, F.F. 305 Room noise 98 101 102 103—104 105 136 Room noise, average calculating loudness for 209 Room noise, interference to telephone conversation 159 Rotary air condenser 146—149 Round window 107 108 232 233 252 253 254 Sacia, C.F. 29 59 83 87 Scala media 108 Scala tympani 107 108 236 243 244 Scala vestibuli 107 108 236 243 247 Scripture, E.W. 49 Seacord, D.F. 103 397 Secondary tone 214 Semicircular canals 107 Semivowels 1 2 4 Semivowels, articulation for, vs. cut-off frequency 421 Semivowels, formation of 4—5 Semivowels, intensity range of 86 Sensation level, definition of 70 Sensation level, relative, for fundamental speech sounds 85 Sensitivity, differential intensity, data on 144—145 Sensitivity, hearing 144—152 Shambaugh, N.F. 109 Short vowels, articulation for, vs. cut-off frequency 420 Showers, R.M. 146 Simplified Spelling Board 1 Singer, principal aim of 55 Sinusoidal waves 126 Sivian, L.J. 72 73 123 125 130—133 222 260 309 431 Slicer, definition of 57 Snow, W.B. 218 279 Song understanding 56 Sound level meter 70 Sound pressure level 144—152 Sound spectrograph 10—16 Sound spectrograph, diagram of 11 Sound stage 123—125 Sounds, average power-frequency distribution of 71 Sounds, complex, binaural location of 213 Sounds, complex, masking of 164—175 Sounds, intensity level 70 Sounds, listening to 177—178 Sounds, low-pitched vs. high-pitched, in masking 153 Sounds, noise see "Noise" Sounds, peak power-frequency distribution of 72 73—74 Sounds, pressure level 70 Sounds, two, determination of equal loudness 181—182 Space-time pattern theory of hearing 118 230—277 Space-time pattern theory of hearing, comparison with experimental facts of audition 272—276 Space-time pattern theory of hearing, dynamics of cochlea 235—259 Space-time pattern theory of hearing, dynamics of middle ear 232—235 Space-time pattern theory of hearing, mechanism of nerve stimulation 263—272 Space-time pattern theory of hearing, summary 276—277 Space-time pattern theory of hearing, vibration and nerve stimulation, on basilar membrane 259—263 Speaking mechanism 6—24 Spectra see "Acoustic line spectra" Spectrograms 11—15 Spectrograms of all vowel and consonant sounds 60—61 Spectrograph 57 Spectrum level 78 79 80 Spectrum level curve 79—80 Spectrum level curve, calculation of loudness from 208—209 Speech 119 Speech acuity, and hearing acuity 139—143 Speech organs 1—3 Speech power in conversational speech 77 Speech power in fundamental speech sounds 82—88 Speech power in telephone speech 77 Speech power of men's and women's voices 71 76 78—82 Speech power, acoustical 68—88 Speech power, apparatus for measuring 72—77 Speech power, average 68 71 76—78 Speech power, frequency distribution 71 78 Speech power, instantaneous 68 Speech power, mean 69 Speech power, measurement of 71—82 Speech power, methods of determining 83—84 Speech power, peak 69 72 77—78 80—81 82 84 87 Speech power, phonetic 69 84 86 Speech power, relative distribution, into frequency bands 88 Speech power, statistical averages 70—72 Speech power, syllabic 69 Speech sounds 1—5 Speech sounds, acoustical elements in production of 7 Speech sounds, classification of 1 2 5 Speech sounds, combined characteristics of 87 Speech sounds, comparisons, trained and untrained voices 23 Speech sounds, division into voiced and unvoiced 6—7 Speech sounds, duration of 58—67 Speech sounds, frequency of occurrence 89—96 Speech sounds, fundamental, power in 82—88 Speech sounds, fundamental, power in microwatts 84 Speech sounds, fundamental, relative phonetic powers of 86 Speech sounds, fundamental, relative sensation levels 85 Speech sounds, harmonics in 9—10 Speech sounds, individual, effects of distortion on 415—423 Speech sounds, male and female voices, recording of 31 Speech sounds, perception of, by deaf persons 424—441 Speech sounds, phonetic symbols 3 Speech sounds, synthetized 8—10 Speech sounds, voiced and unvoiced 6 Speech waves, characteristics of 25—67 Speech waves, frequency analyses of 52—57 Speech waves, general characteristics of speech 58—67 Speech waves, plane waves 27—28 Speech waves, recording, methods of 26 29 30—48 Speech waves, transmission of 25 Speech waves, typical 30—48 Speech waves, vowel production 49—57 Speech waves, wave length, definition of 27 Speech, general characteristics of 58—67 Speech, mechanism of 6—24 Speech, oesophageal 17 Speech, telephone 77 92—96 Spondee words 139—142 Standard coupler 120 Stapes 111 232 233 237 238 256 257 Steady state theory, vowel production 49 50 Steinberg, J.C. 59 60 218 290 308 309 311—312 357 Stereophonic transmission system 217—218 Stevens, S.S. 139 191 Stewart, G.W. 210 215 Stewart, J.Q. 281 Stirrup (ossicle) 106 110 Stop consonants 1 2 4 5 64 Street noise 101 102 Stroboscopic light 251 Subjective beats 214—216 Subjective beats, differentiated from objective beats 276 Subjective beats, summary of facts re 215—216 Subjective harmonics 235 Subjective tones 230 Subjective tones, masking of 159—164 Summation tones, definition of 160 Syllabic speech power 69 Syllables, combinations, frequency of occurrence 89 90 91 94 Syllables, meaningless, use of 139 Synthetic speaker 8—10 Talker-listener pairs in articulation measurement 279—280 Talker-listener pairs, proficiencies of 313—317 Tectorial membrane 108 109 Telephone, circuit, for determining phonetic power 83—84 Telephone, line noise 98—100 Telephone, receiver, damped 153 Telephone, speech, analysis of 92—96 Telephone, speech, talker levels in 77 Telephone, systems, calculations of articulation scores for, applications 394—401 Telephone, systems, observed and calculated articulation vs. gain curves, comparisons 382—394 Telephone, systems, responses of 303—306 Threshold measurement procedure, hearing acuity 125—127 Throat resonance 2 3 Thyroid cartilage 19 Tone range audiometer 121—125 Tones, buzzer 8 Tones, differences in 235 Tones, maskee and masker 153 Tones, primary 160 214 Tones, pure, acuity for 119 Tones, pure, masking of, by pure tones 153—159 Tones, reference 177 Tones, secondary 160 214 Tones, subjective, masking of 159—164 Tones, summation 160 Tones, summation, warble 126 128 Tongue, use in sound production 5 6 Transient theory, vowel production 49—50 Transitionals 1 2 4 Transitionals, formation of 4 Transmission line, perfect 217—218 Transmission system 216 Transmission system, binaural 217 Transmission system, binaural, location of complex sounds 213 Transmission system, sterophonic 217—218 Transmitter, calibrated condenser 83 Tuning forks, calibrated 137—139 Tuning forks, use for producing phase difference 211 Tympanic cavity 107 Tympanic membrane 106 U.S. Public Health Service, survey of hearing acuity 122 135 Unvoiced consonants 1 2 4 Unvoiced fricatives 4 Vacuum-tube oscillator 119—120 Vestibule (inner ear) 107 Vibration, relation between nerve stimulation and, on basilar membrane 259—263 Virtual stage 218 229 Visual hearing 12 Vocal cords 8 19 Vocal cords during cough 23—24 Vocal cords, motion pictures of 17—24 Vocal cords, vibration of 20 VODER 8—10 Voder, diagrams of 9 10 Voder, hissing sound in 8 Voder, keyboard of 9 Voiced consonants 1 2 Voiced continuants 5 Voiced fricatives 4 Voiced stops 5 Voicing, transition from breathing to 20 Volume indicators 315 316 Vowels, acoustic line spectra of 51—54 Vowels, formation of 4 Vowels, intensity range of 86 Vowels, lengthening of vowel sounds in singing 55—56 Vowels, pure 1 2 4 58 86 Vowels, semi see "Semivowels" Vowels, short 420 Vowels, sounds of single or double resonance 59 Vowels, theories of production 49—57 Vowels, theories of production, harmonic theory 49 50 Vowels, theories of production, inharmonic theory 49 VU-meter 315 Warble tones 126 128 Watch tick, use in determining acuity 143 Watkins, R. 8 Wave length, definition of 27 Weaver, W. 109 110 117 Webster's dictionary, phonetic symbols in 3 4 Wegel, R.L. 19 160 275 Wente, E.C. 123 West, R.W. 1 Western Electric 2A, tone range audiometer 121—122 Wever, E.G. 238 Wheatstone, C. 49 Whispered speech, intelligibility of 13 16 White noise 98 164 White noise, masking of pure tones by bands of 168 White, S.D. 72 76 123 130—133 222 260 309 413 431 Wiener, F.M. 303 304 Willis, W.T. 49 Window, oval 106 107 108 110 111 232 234 242 252 255 Window, round 107 108 232 233 252 252 254 Words, frequency of occurrence 89 90 91 Words, frequency of occurrence, most common words 92—94 Words, frequency of occurrence, parts of speech 92 Words, origin of 94 Words, spondee and PB 139—142 Words, thought, in articulation test 299—301 World's Fairs, hearing tests made at 135 World's Fairs, voder at 8 Wrightson, Sir Thomas 111 Zero loudness contour 123 133 134 308 309 Zero loudness reference curve 133
Ðåêëàìà
|
|
Î ïðîåêòå