The present book complements a previous volume with the same title. It starts with a rather simple introduction, which should help the beginner become a successful practitioner in the field, and then emphasizes either fields which have not been treated at all in the previous volume (diffusion phenomena, polymers, lattice gauge theory) or subjects which have seen dramatic activity in the last five years (water and other molecular or ionic fluids; two-dimensional melting; phase diagrams and multicritical phenomena; fermion problems; spin glasses and percolation). It contains about one thousand references and thus should be a very useful guide to the original literature. Together with the first volume, it forms a thorough overview of all applications of Monte Carlo simulations in "statistical physics" taken in a very wide sense (including ordinary solid-state physics, field and elementary particle theory, quantum-mechanical problems, metallurgy, surface physics). Since no other literature with a similar scope exists as yet, this undertaking was possible only through very constructive collaboration and fruitful interaction among the leading experts in the various fields who have contributed to the present book. It is a great pleasure for me to acknowledge their very valuable efforts in compiling all the material described here, and to thank them for stimulating and pleasant collaboration.