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| Авторизация |
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| Wurfel P. — Physics of Solar Cells: From Principles to New Concepts |
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| Предметный указатель |
 -number 27 28
Abb sine condition 26 28
Absorption coefficient 60 79 80
Absorption coefficient, measurement 83
Absorption coefficient, negative 82
Absorptivity 20 21
Absorptivity of semiconductors 21
Absorptivity, negative 82
Acceptors 48
Air mass 23
AM0 spectrum 23 24 157 170
AM1 spectrum 23
AM1.5 spectrum 23 24 182
Ambipolar diffusion 103
Anti-reflection coating 12 142
battery 55 133 136 166
Black body 9 18
Black body, radiation 9
Boltzmann constant 181
Bose — Einstein distribution 10
Carbon dioxide 3
Carbon dioxide, atmospheric concentration 5
Carnot efficiency 89
Carnot engine 29-31 35 37
Cavity 9 37
Chemical energy 85
Chemical equilibrium 54
Chemical potential, electrons 94
Chemical potential, photons 81
Collision time 94
Concentration of radiation 24 28
Concentrator 29
Concentrator cells 160
Conduction band 40 46
Conduction band, germanium 41
Conductivity 95
Coupled equilibria 55
Current-voltage characteristic for impurity recombination 125
Current-voltage characteristic, pn-junction 120 122 124
Dember effect 104
Density of states for electrons 39 41
Density of states for photons 10 12 80
Density of states, combined 59
Density of states, effective 43
Detailed balance 64 65 71
Dielectric relaxation 102
Diffusion current 95
diffusion length 101 120
Diffusion voltage 116
Direct transitions 59
Distribution function for electrons 38
Distribution function for photons 10
Donors 47
Doping, see semiconductors, doping down-conversion of photons 172
Drift velocity 95
Earth, energy emission 6
Earth, temperature 6 8
effective mass 41 42
Efficiency, as function of energy gap 140
Efficiency, intensity dependence 151
Efficiency, maximum 29 30 88
Efficiency, monochromatic 92
Efficiency, overall 92
Einstein relation 96
Electric field in a solar cell 133
Electrochemical equilibrium in pn-junction 116
Electrochemical potential 53 55
Electrochemical potential of electrons 56
Electrochemical potential of holes 57
Electron affinity 129
Electron capture 70
Electron capture, cross-section 70 71 73 75
Electron emission 71
Electron-hole pairs, average energy 86
Electron-hole pairs, chemical energy 86 87
Electron-hole pairs, equilibrium with photons 89
Electron-hole pairs, generation 58 62-64 81
Electron-hole pairs, interaction with photons 82
Electron-hole pairs, momentum 59
Electron-hole pairs, recombination, see recombination electron-hole pairs, recombinstion 79
Electron-hole pairs, temperature 85
Elementary charge 181
Emission of photons 79
Emission of photons, spontaneous 79
Emission of photons, stimulated 79
Emissivity 20 81
Energy consumption 2 5
Energy current 19
Energy current, per solid angle 15
Energy density 13
Energy dissipation 98
Energy economy 1 177
Energy maximum reserves 3
Energy of radiation 13
Energy reserves 2-4
Energy units 1 181
Energy, current from sun 2
Energy-momentum relation 59 60
entropy 30 34
Entropy of electrons 56
Entropy of holes 56
Entropy of photons 89
Equilibrium see Thermodynamic equilibrium
Equivalent circuit 149
Fermi distribution 39
Fermi distribution, Boltzmann approximation 67
Fermi energy 56 58
Fick’s law 96
Field current 94
fill factor 138 149 151
Focussing 24
Free energy 55
Gallium arsenide 42 48 128
Generation rate 63
Geometrical optics 26
Global warming 178
Greenhouse effect 5-7 177 178
Hetero-junction 127 131 147
Holes 45
Homo-junction 128
Hot electrons 165
Impact ionization 63 163
Impurity photovoltaic effect 168
Impurity states 70
| Index of refraction 25 175
Index of refraction, silicon 143
Indirect transitions 61
Kirchhoff’s law 19
Lambert’s law 18
Landsberg efficiency 33 34
Laser 82
Laser condition 82
Lifetime 74 77
Lifetime for radiative recombination 77
Lifetime, upper limit 79
Light polarization 11
Light trapping 142 146
Light velocity 181
Maximum power point 137
Mean free path 94
Membrane for electrons 113
Membrane for holes 113
Membrane, Semi-permeable 109
Metal contact 129
Metal contact, energy diagram 130
MIS contact 132
Mobility 95
Momentum space 11
Oil consumption 5
Open-circuit voltage 124 139 146 150
Optical transitions 79
Ozone layer 177
Pauli principle 38
Peltier effect 130
Permittivity of free space 181
Phase space 10
Phonon energy 37
photoemission 58
Photomultiplier 37
Photon absorption 59
Photon absorption, probability 59
Photonic crystal structure 145
photons 9
Photosynthesis 3
Planck constant 181
Planck’s radiation law 9 13 20
Planck’s radiation law, generalized 67 79
Pn-junction 115 116 119 120 123 133-135
Pn-junction, current-voltage characteristic 120
Pn-junction, potential distribution 117
Poisson’s equation 117
Quasi — Fermi distribution 51 52
Recombination 65
Recombination centers 51
Recombination rate 71 78
Recombination, efficiency 74
Recombination, non-radiative 67
Recombination, radiative 65 79
Recombination, surface 75
Recombination, uger 67
Recombination, velocity 76
Recombination, via impurities 68
Redox system 114
Reflection 142
Reflection, total internal 12 64 143 144
Resistance, parallel 149
Resistance, reaction 122
Resistance, series 149
Resistance, transport 122
Reverse saturation current 123 124
Schottky contact 131 132
Semiconductors 37
Semiconductors, direct 42
Semiconductors, doping 47
Semiconductors, ideal 89
Semiconductors, III — V 76 128 160
Semiconductors, illuminated 53
Semiconductors, indirect 43 61 62
Semiconductors, intrinsic 44
semiconductors, N-type 49
semiconductors, P-type 50
Short-circuit current 123 124 139 140 146 155
Sine condition, see Abbe sine condition Snell’s law of refraction 12 64
Solar cells, chemical 109 113 122
Solar cells, dye 114
Solar cells, efficiency 140
Solar cells, energy conversion 137
Solar cells, maximum efficiency 137
Solar cells, minimal thickness 147
Solar cells, plastic 148
Solar cells, silicon 141
Solar cells, thin film 147
Solar disc 16
Solar disc, solid angle 15 181
Solar spectrum 21 22
Solid angle 12 15
Space charge density 117
Space charge layer 128
Spectrum 13
Staebler — Wronski effect 147
Stefan — Boltzmann constant 181
Stefan — Boltzmann radiation law 6 17 18
Sun as black body 9 21
Sun radiation spectrum 6
Sun spectrum, see solar spectrum surface charge 130
Surface photo-voltage 106
Surface states 75 76
Surface states, density 75
Tandem cells 155
Tandem cells, series connection 159
Temperature dependence of  149
Temperature of the Earth 6
Thermalization 52 85
Thermo-photonics 162
Thermo-photovoltaic conversion 161
Thermodynamic equilibrium 54 55
Three-level system 168 173
Tunnel junction 159
Two-diode model 125
Two-step excitation 168
Uncertainty principle 10 11 40
Up-conversion of photons 172
Valence band 40 46
Valence band, germanium 41
Venus atmosphere 8
Vibrational quanta 37
Warm-water collectors 178
work function 57
Work function, measurement 58
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