This book is based on the authors' study of the problems of large-scale developed turbulence in multicomponent reacting gas mixtures. The study is rooted in simulations of dynamical processes in the upper/middle atmospheres of the planets - the rarefied gas envelopes occupying the intermediate region between the denser atmospheric layers and adherent outer space, which are impacted by solar electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation responsible for numerous photolytic and accompanying direct and inverse chemical reactions. This relatively new branch of science known as planetary aeronomy, which appeared at the beginning of space research, comprises fundamental scientific fields such as kinetic theory of gases and hydromechanics, chemical kinetics and plasma physics, planetary astronomy and atmospheric sciences. We attempted to further expand the study of aeronomic problems to the planetary cosmogony.