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Akmajian A., Demers R.A., Farmer A.K. — Linguistics. An Introduction to Language and Communications
Akmajian A., Demers R.A., Farmer A.K. — Linguistics. An Introduction to Language and Communications



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Íàçâàíèå: Linguistics. An Introduction to Language and Communications

Àâòîðû: Akmajian A., Demers R.A., Farmer A.K.

Àííîòàöèÿ:

This popular introductory linguistics text is unique in the way various themes are integrated throughout the book. One primary theme is the question, "How is a speaker's communicative intent recognized?" Rather than treat phonology, phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics as completely separate fields, the text shows how they interact in principled ways. Similarly, language variation and acquisition are informed by results in these fields. The text provides a sound introduction to linguistic methodology while also revealing why people are intrinsically interested in language — the ultimate puzzle of the human mind.

The fifth edition has been thoroughly revised. Revisions include, but are not limited to, the addition of "selected readings" sections, updated examples, new discussion on the creative nature of neologisms, and the use of IPA as the primary transcription system throughout. This edition also includes an account of the patterns of occurrence of reduced vowels in English. An understanding of these patterns enables the reader to write a phonemic transcription of any English word.


ßçûê: en

Ðóáðèêà: Ôèëîëîãèÿ/

Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö

ed2k: ed2k stats

Èçäàíèå: fifth edition

Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2001

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 604

Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 21.02.2006

Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
'//      19 24
-,7v      47—49
-able      36—39 40—42 45 47 49—50
-able rule      36—39 348
-ed      See Past participle -en/-ed
-er agentire suffix      13—14 35—36 41 50
-er comparative suffix      43 45 241
-est superlative suffice      43 45
-ing progressive      20 43 45
-ion      42
-s (third person singular)      20 43 45 301
Abbreviated questions      291—293
Abbreviated style      See Language style. abbreviated
abbreviations      See Words alphabetic
Accidental overlap      322—323
Accusative case      See Case accusative
Acoustic phonetics      65—66
Acoustic stability      119
Acquisition model      417 418 477—506
Acquisition of speech by children      490—493
Acrolect      301
Acronym      See Words acronyms
Adjective Agreement rule      349
Adjective Agreemere role      349
Adjective/endings      341—334 2
Adjectives      13 19 20 24 33
Adverbs      19 20 24
Adverbs, adverb phrase (AdvP)      200
Affixes      421 422 495—496
Affixes, derivational      25 32 35—42 43 44 45 54—57
Affixes, inflectional      43 44 46 341 457
Affixes, prefix      18
Affixes, suffix      18 19
Affricate      74 77 89 112 114—115 117 491
Afghani      329
Afro-Asiatic      334
Agent      169
Agentive nouns      35
Agraphia      556
Agreement      288 301 349
airflow      67
Akimel O'odham      279—280
Albanian      329
Algonquian      321 322 323 343
Allophones      93—94 95 348
Alphabet      65 568
Alphabetic abbreviations      See Words alphabetic
Altaic      334
Alveolar      74 76 77 79 85 89 111 112 117 119 120 135
Alveolar ridge      71 78 91 92 111 117
Alveopalatal      74 76 77 79 89 92 93 117
Ambiguity      237 241—242 245 246 293 367 373 386 433 434
Ambiguity, lexical      155 237
Ambiguity, structural      154—156 183 189 366
American English      14 26 42 85 90 92 96 98 100 161 229 277 280 288 307 315 336 337
American Sign Language      359 421 479 505 507—512
Amhanc      124—125 334
Amlenian      329
Anaphora      53 213 261—264 518
Ancient Greek      329
Anglo-Saxon      See Old English
Animal communication      506—507
Anomaly      238 246
Anomia      545—546
Answerhood condition      235 252
Antecedent      53 261—262 450 459 518
Anterior      114—115 117. anterior
Anticipation errors      421—422
Anticipatory coarticulation      492
Antonymy      240 241 246 345
anymore      276—277
Apex      78 79
Aphasia      527 554—555 556
Appalachian dialect      276
Arabic      296 331 334 561 563
Arbitrary pairing      15—16
Arcuatefascicuius      545
Argot      302
Armstrong,S.      446
Articles (Art)      21 22—23 24 172 173 176 203 221 222
Articulaters      73
Articulatory phonetics      65
Arylenoid cartilages      70
Aspirated t.      90—91 93 127
Aspiration      90 94 95
Aspiration rule      124 127
assertion      235
Assimilation      110 125
Assimilation, anticipation      491
Assimilation, regressive      492
Association nerve fibers      533
Associative thought      539
Attent/veness Hypothesis      452
Attributivity      259—260
Austin, J.      361 391 392—393 394
Austro — Asiatic      334
Austronesian      334
Avesran      329
Axon      531
Aztec      27 61 343
Babbling, children's      482—483
Babbling, Washoe's      509
Bach, K.      258
Back      See Vowels back
Backformation      40—42
Balto — Stavic      329
Barred-i      82
Base      See Morphemes base
Base structure      See Input tree
Basilect      301
Basque      333
Bates, E.      503
Battan, P.      334—335
Battig, W.      443
Bayles, K.      257
Be      100—101 178 284—287 291—292 296
Beck, K.      258 420
Behaviorism      478 480
Bellugi, U.      420
Bengali      329
Berko, J.      494
Bever, T.      433 434 436 455 459 464 540
Bickerton. D.      297 301 302
Bilabial      68 71
Bilingual      307
BINARY      114
Binding Principles      516—518
Biolomcal innateness of linguistic capacity      515
Bisyllabic      98 100
blends      See Words blends
Bloom, L.      437
Bonobe      512 514—515
Bontoc Igorot      18 24
Borrowing      See Words borrowing
Bound affix-      See Morphemes. bound
Bound base      See Morphemes. bound base
Box diagram      176—177
Braces      209
Bradley, D.C.      457
Brain stem      531 532
Branching node      214—215
brand names      See Words generified
Brazilian Portuguese      112 279 306
Breton      329
Brewer, E.      451
Brewer, W.      451
British Empiricists      440
British English      14 82 92 96 98 230 276 280 337
Broadening      See Words broadening
Broca's aphasia      542—544 545 556
Broca, P.      528 542
Broea's area      528 529 530 533 543 548 554
Brookshire, R.      538
Brown, C.      553
Brown, R.      483 513
Bruner, J.      503
Bulgarian      329
Bumlese      334
C-command (Constituent command)      214 215 497
Caiques      28
Campbell, L.      333
Canadian English      335—336
Cann, R.      331
Cantonese      78 279 334 561
Cape York Creole      300
Caramazza, A.      457
Carlson, M.      435
Carnap, R.      361
Case, accusative      170 340—341
Case, dative/instrumental      340—341
Case, genitive      340—341 342
Case, nontinative      170 340—341
Case, objective      170
Case, subjective      170
Casual speech-      See Language slyle. casual
Categorization      439
Category, lexical      See Parts of speech
Category, phrasal      206
Catvin, W.      505
Caucasian languages      334
Causative Verb Formation rule      348—349
Cavallie-Sforza. L.      331 332
Celtic      329 340 343 344
Center embedding      209—221
Central nervous system (CNS)      531
Cerebral cortex      531 532 535
Chambers, S.      431
Champollion, J.F.      563
Chance overlap      322—323
Chemakuam      337
Cherokee      563 566
Chest cavity      67
Child language, rule governed nature of      506
Child language, stages in development of      482—491
Chimpanzees      507—515
Chinese      8 279 322 339 554—555 561 562
Chinese Pidgin English      296
Chinook Jargon      298
Chomsky N.      4 9 114 151 152 177 194 197 215 227 262 417 458 479 482 505 517—518
Chomsky, C      497 498 499
Church, J.      451
Churchiand, P.S.      460
Circumlocutions      544
Clark, E.      482 488
Clark, H.      450 451 452 482 488
Clarke, R.      531
Clause, embedded      207 212
Clause, main      289
Clause, modifying      187
Clause, subordinate      207
Cleft sentences      177—179 450
Clements, G.N.      129
Click experiments      436—437
clicks      86 120
Clifton      438
Clippings      26 32
Closed class-      See Words. closed class
Closings      390 391
Coarticulaiton effect      93 113
Coda      126—127
Code-switching      307—308
Cognitive background      419
Cognitive science      5 358
Coined words      See Words. coined
Cole, D.      145
Colloquial style      327
Colloquialism      303
Commands      242
Communication      5—6 228 232—233 258 362—363
Communicative act      368
Communicative contexts      502
Communicative function      242
Communicative intention      367 369 370 371 374—375 382 386 398
Communicative potential      242—243
Communicative Presumption      371 374 375
Comparative      24
Comparative linguistics      320—323
Comparative method      323
Competence      151—153 227 501—503
Competence model      417—418
Complement      216 579
Complementary distribution      95 125
Compliancy condition      235 252
Composltionalily      32 34—35 246—248
Compounds      32 34—35 246—248
Compounds, deverbal      52
Compounds, headless      35
Compounds, primary      50
Compounds, stress patterns of      34
Compounds, synthetic      50
Compounds, verbal      50
Comprehension      419 425 433 451—452
concepts      234 439—449
Concepts, complex concepts      439 440
Concord particles      301
Conduction aphasia      545
Conjunction test      179—181
Conjunctions      22—23 24 177
Connectionist Models      460—464
Consonant      73—79 85—86 103 114—116
Consonant clusters      101—102 492
Consonant of American English      73—79 114
Consonant, ambisyllabic      115
Consonant, definition of      73
Constituent structure      171 172 197 436
Constituent structure, tests for      177—178
Constituent-command-      See C-command
Constituents      167 420
Constituents, optional      203—204
Contact languages      296
context      388—389 437 453
Contextual appropnateness      368 383 385
Contextual inappropriateness      368 379—380
Continuant      114—116
Contracted forms      18 24
Contradiction      235
Control      497—501
Conversation      15 387 389
Conversational Implicatures      399
Conversational Maxims      399
Conversational Presumptions      371 376 379 382 400
Cooperative principle      399
Core meaning      445
Coreference      54 261—264 516—517
Cornea) conduction      533 535
Coronal      112 114—115 117 119 120
Corpus callosum      532 533 535
Correspondence (sound)      323—327
Cortese, C.      431
Cortex      See Cerebral cortex
Cotrash      340
Crain, S.      438 497
Crain-      18 42 48—49
Creativity      480 506
Creek      306
Creole continuum      301
Creoles      295 298—302
Critical Period      503—505
Crowley, T.      299 300
Culter, A.      424 431
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