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Akmajian A., Demers R.A., Farmer A.K. — Linguistics. An Introduction to Language and Communications
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Íàçâàíèå: Linguistics. An Introduction to Language and CommunicationsÀâòîðû: Akmajian A., Demers R.A., Farmer A.K.Àííîòàöèÿ: This popular introductory linguistics text is unique in the way various themes are integrated throughout the book. One primary theme is the question, "How is a speaker's communicative intent recognized?" Rather than treat phonology, phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics as completely separate fields, the text shows how they interact in principled ways. Similarly, language variation and acquisition are informed by results in these fields. The text provides a sound introduction to linguistic methodology while also revealing why people are intrinsically interested in language — the ultimate puzzle of the human mind.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèëîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Èçäàíèå: fifth editionÃîä èçäàíèÿ: 2001Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 604Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 21.02.2006Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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'// 19 24 -,7v 47—49 -able 36—39 40—42 45 47 49—50 -able rule 36—39 348 -ed See Past participle -en/-ed -er agentire suffix 13—14 35—36 41 50 -er comparative suffix 43 45 241 -est superlative suffice 43 45 -ing progressive 20 43 45 -ion 42 -s (third person singular) 20 43 45 301 Abbreviated questions 291—293 Abbreviated style See Language style. abbreviated abbreviations See Words alphabetic Accidental overlap 322—323 Accusative case See Case accusative Acoustic phonetics 65—66 Acoustic stability 119 Acquisition model 417 418 477—506 Acquisition of speech by children 490—493 Acrolect 301 Acronym See Words acronyms Adjective Agreement rule 349 Adjective Agreemere role 349 Adjective/endings 341—334 2 Adjectives 13 19 20 24 33 Adverbs 19 20 24 Adverbs, adverb phrase (AdvP) 200 Affixes 421 422 495—496 Affixes, derivational 25 32 35—42 43 44 45 54—57 Affixes, inflectional 43 44 46 341 457 Affixes, prefix 18 Affixes, suffix 18 19 Affricate 74 77 89 112 114—115 117 491 Afghani 329 Afro-Asiatic 334 Agent 169 Agentive nouns 35 Agraphia 556 Agreement 288 301 349 airflow 67 Akimel O'odham 279—280 Albanian 329 Algonquian 321 322 323 343 Allophones 93—94 95 348 Alphabet 65 568 Alphabetic abbreviations See Words alphabetic Altaic 334 Alveolar 74 76 77 79 85 89 111 112 117 119 120 135 Alveolar ridge 71 78 91 92 111 117 Alveopalatal 74 76 77 79 89 92 93 117 Ambiguity 237 241—242 245 246 293 367 373 386 433 434 Ambiguity, lexical 155 237 Ambiguity, structural 154—156 183 189 366 American English 14 26 42 85 90 92 96 98 100 161 229 277 280 288 307 315 336 337 American Sign Language 359 421 479 505 507—512 Amhanc 124—125 334 Amlenian 329 Anaphora 53 213 261—264 518 Ancient Greek 329 Anglo-Saxon See Old English Animal communication 506—507 Anomaly 238 246 Anomia 545—546 Answerhood condition 235 252 Antecedent 53 261—262 450 459 518 Anterior 114—115 117. anterior Anticipation errors 421—422 Anticipatory coarticulation 492 Antonymy 240 241 246 345 anymore 276—277 Apex 78 79 Aphasia 527 554—555 556 Appalachian dialect 276 Arabic 296 331 334 561 563 Arbitrary pairing 15—16 Arcuatefascicuius 545 Argot 302 Armstrong,S. 446 Articles (Art) 21 22—23 24 172 173 176 203 221 222 Articulaters 73 Articulatory phonetics 65 Arylenoid cartilages 70 Aspirated t. 90—91 93 127 Aspiration 90 94 95 Aspiration rule 124 127 assertion 235 Assimilation 110 125 Assimilation, anticipation 491 Assimilation, regressive 492 Association nerve fibers 533 Associative thought 539 Attent/veness Hypothesis 452 Attributivity 259—260 Austin, J. 361 391 392—393 394 Austro — Asiatic 334 Austronesian 334 Avesran 329 Axon 531 Aztec 27 61 343 Babbling, children's 482—483 Babbling, Washoe's 509 Bach, K. 258 Back See Vowels back Backformation 40—42 Balto — Stavic 329 Barred-i 82 Base See Morphemes base Base structure See Input tree Basilect 301 Basque 333 Bates, E. 503 Battan, P. 334—335 Battig, W. 443 Bayles, K. 257 Be 100—101 178 284—287 291—292 296 Beck, K. 258 420 Behaviorism 478 480 Bellugi, U. 420 Bengali 329 Berko, J. 494 Bever, T. 433 434 436 455 459 464 540 Bickerton. D. 297 301 302 Bilabial 68 71 Bilingual 307 BINARY 114 Binding Principles 516—518 Biolomcal innateness of linguistic capacity 515 Bisyllabic 98 100 blends See Words blends Bloom, L. 437 Bonobe 512 514—515 Bontoc Igorot 18 24 Borrowing See Words borrowing Bound affix- See Morphemes. bound Bound base See Morphemes. bound base Box diagram 176—177 Braces 209 Bradley, D.C. 457 Brain stem 531 532 Branching node 214—215 brand names See Words generified Brazilian Portuguese 112 279 306 Breton 329 Brewer, E. 451 Brewer, W. 451 British Empiricists 440 British English 14 82 92 96 98 230 276 280 337 Broadening See Words broadening Broca's aphasia 542—544 545 556 Broca, P. 528 542 Broea's area 528 529 530 533 543 548 554 Brookshire, R. 538 Brown, C. 553 Brown, R. 483 513 Bruner, J. 503 Bulgarian 329 Bumlese 334 C-command (Constituent command) 214 215 497 Caiques 28 Campbell, L. 333 Canadian English 335—336 Cann, R. 331 Cantonese 78 279 334 561 Cape York Creole 300 Caramazza, A. 457 Carlson, M. 435 Carnap, R. 361 Case, accusative 170 340—341 Case, dative/instrumental 340—341 Case, genitive 340—341 342 Case, nontinative 170 340—341 Case, objective 170 Case, subjective 170 Casual speech- See Language slyle. casual Categorization 439 Category, lexical See Parts of speech Category, phrasal 206 Catvin, W. 505 Caucasian languages 334 Causative Verb Formation rule 348—349 Cavallie-Sforza. L. 331 332 Celtic 329 340 343 344 Center embedding 209—221 Central nervous system (CNS) 531 Cerebral cortex 531 532 535 Chambers, S. 431 Champollion, J.F. 563 Chance overlap 322—323 Chemakuam 337 Cherokee 563 566 Chest cavity 67 Child language, rule governed nature of 506 Child language, stages in development of 482—491 Chimpanzees 507—515 Chinese 8 279 322 339 554—555 561 562 Chinese Pidgin English 296 Chinook Jargon 298 Chomsky N. 4 9 114 151 152 177 194 197 215 227 262 417 458 479 482 505 517—518 Chomsky, C 497 498 499 Church, J. 451 Churchiand, P.S. 460 Circumlocutions 544 Clark, E. 482 488 Clark, H. 450 451 452 482 488 Clarke, R. 531 Clause, embedded 207 212 Clause, main 289 Clause, modifying 187 Clause, subordinate 207 Cleft sentences 177—179 450 Clements, G.N. 129 Click experiments 436—437 clicks 86 120 Clifton 438 Clippings 26 32 Closed class- See Words. closed class Closings 390 391 Coarticulaiton effect 93 113 Coda 126—127 Code-switching 307—308 Cognitive background 419 Cognitive science 5 358 Coined words See Words. coined Cole, D. 145 Colloquial style 327 Colloquialism 303 Commands 242 Communication 5—6 228 232—233 258 362—363 Communicative act 368 Communicative contexts 502 Communicative function 242 Communicative intention 367 369 370 371 374—375 382 386 398 Communicative potential 242—243 Communicative Presumption 371 374 375 Comparative 24 Comparative linguistics 320—323 Comparative method 323 Competence 151—153 227 501—503 Competence model 417—418 Complement 216 579 Complementary distribution 95 125 Compliancy condition 235 252 Composltionalily 32 34—35 246—248 Compounds 32 34—35 246—248 Compounds, deverbal 52 Compounds, headless 35 Compounds, primary 50 Compounds, stress patterns of 34 Compounds, synthetic 50 Compounds, verbal 50 Comprehension 419 425 433 451—452 concepts 234 439—449 Concepts, complex concepts 439 440 Concord particles 301 Conduction aphasia 545 Conjunction test 179—181 Conjunctions 22—23 24 177 Connectionist Models 460—464 Consonant 73—79 85—86 103 114—116 Consonant clusters 101—102 492 Consonant of American English 73—79 114 Consonant, ambisyllabic 115 Consonant, definition of 73 Constituent structure 171 172 197 436 Constituent structure, tests for 177—178 Constituent-command- See C-command Constituents 167 420 Constituents, optional 203—204 Contact languages 296 context 388—389 437 453 Contextual appropnateness 368 383 385 Contextual inappropriateness 368 379—380 Continuant 114—116 Contracted forms 18 24 Contradiction 235 Control 497—501 Conversation 15 387 389 Conversational Implicatures 399 Conversational Maxims 399 Conversational Presumptions 371 376 379 382 400 Cooperative principle 399 Core meaning 445 Coreference 54 261—264 516—517 Cornea) conduction 533 535 Coronal 112 114—115 117 119 120 Corpus callosum 532 533 535 Correspondence (sound) 323—327 Cortese, C. 431 Cortex See Cerebral cortex Cotrash 340 Crain, S. 438 497 Crain- 18 42 48—49 Creativity 480 506 Creek 306 Creole continuum 301 Creoles 295 298—302 Critical Period 503—505 Crowley, T. 299 300 Culter, A. 424 431
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