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Perkins D.H. — Particle Astrophysics

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Название: Particle Astrophysics

Автор: Perkins D.H.

Аннотация:

Perkins (particle and astrophysics, Oxford University) provides background on particle physics and the astrophysics of the early universe in this text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Introductory chapters cover the interactions of elementary particles and their role in the expanding universe. Cosmological asymmetries, dark matter, and dark energy are examined, and final chapters turn to the growth of cosmic structure in high energy cosmic rays and the particle processes in stars. Worked examples, problems, and solutions are included. Some knowledge of quantum mechanics and special relativity is assumed.

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Рубрика: Физика/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

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Год издания: 2003

Количество страниц: 256

Добавлена в каталог: 30.06.2005

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Предметный указатель

$B^{0}$ meson decay and CP violation      92
$K^{-}$ mesons (kaons), $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ mesons      88
$K^{0}$ mesons, $K_{L}$ , $K_{S}$ and $K_{1}$ , $K_{2}$ eigenstates      89
$K^{0}$ mesons, CP violation      88
$K^{0}$ mesons, decay modes and lifetimes      89
$K^{0}$ mesons, mass difference      88
$Z_{0}$ boson, mass and width      27
$Z_{0}$ boson, resonance in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation      27
$\Delta(1232)$ resonance      27 164
Abelian group      78
Absolute magnitude      35
Accelerating/decelerating universe      15
Accelerators, fixed target or colliding beam      221
Accretion disc      168
Acoustic peaks in microwave fluctuations      144
Active galactic nuclei      (see AGN)
Adiabatic fluctuations      137
Age of universe      40—46
AGN (active galactic nuclei)      99 112
AMANDA experiment      181
And degeneracy pressure      197—200
Angular distance      224
Angular momentum operators      66
Annihilation cross-section      107
Anomalous magnetic moments, of electron and muon      77
Anthropic principle      119
Antineutrino helicity      71
Antiparticles      6
Antishielding      82
asymptotic freedom      82
Atmospheric neutrinos      170 et seq
Axions      105
B quark (bottom quark)      3
Bam, millibam, microbam etc      17
Baryogenesis      59
Baryon number and its violation      61
Baryon-antibaryon asymmetry      59 et seq
Baryon-photon ratio      58 et seq
Baryonic dark matter      103
Baryonic matter in universe      44
Beta decay, and parity violation      71
Bethe — Bloch energy loss formula      159
Big Bang Model      36
Binary pulsar      184
Binding energy, of nuclei      191
Birkhoff theorem      39
black body spectrum      48
Black holes      209
Blazars      169
Bohr magneton      76
Boltzmann factor      57
Boomerang experiment      141
Bose — Einstein distribution      50
Bose — Einstein statistics      5
Boson exchange      8
Boson propagator      10
Bottom (b) quark      4
Bound states      15
Breit — Wigner formula      25
Bremsstrahlung      159
Brookhaven laboratory (BNL)      5
Cabibbo angle      91
Calorimeters      22
Cascade showers      160
Casimir effect      116
CDF detector      22
Centre-of momentum frame      17
Cepheid variables      35
Cerenkov counters      86 204
Cerenkov effect      162
CERN accelerators      5 222
Chandrasekhar limit and mass      200
Chaotic inflation      128
Charge conjugation      72
Charge conservation      75
Charged weak current      8
Charm quantum number      3
Charm quark      3
Charmed meson      31
CKM matrix      91
Clocks in gravitational fields      218
Closed Universe      36
Closure parameter      43
Cloud chamber      7
CMB      (see Cosmic microwave radiation)
Coasting universe      115
COBE experiment      48 140
Cold dark matter (CDM)      104 et seq 140
Colliding beam accelerator      221
Colour factor in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation to hadrons      20
Colour quantum number      10
Coma galaxy cluster      34
Comoving coordinates in expanding universe      36
Compton scattering      22 137
Confinement of quarks      11
Conservation rules and symmetries      65 et seq
Constituent quark masses      3
Continuity equation      231
Conversion length      160
Cooling rates      40
Coordinate distance      36
Coordinate transformations in relativity      216
Cosmic microwave radiation (CMB), discovery and spectrum      48
Cosmic microwave radiation (CMB), polarization      145
Cosmic microwave radiation (CMB), temperature fluctuations      140
Cosmic rays, abundances of elements in      151
Cosmic rays, acceleration      155
Cosmic rays, east-west effect      154
Cosmic rays, geomagnetic effects      152
Cosmic rays, hard and soft components      157
Cosmic rays, primary energy spectrum      150 157
Cosmic Rays, showers      160
Cosmological constant      41
Cosmological constant and dark energy      117
Cosmological principle      36
Coulomb potential      11 191
Coupling constants      10
Covariant derivative      75
CP eigenstates in neutral kaon system      89
CP symmetry      73 88
CP violation and baryon asymmetry      61 90
CP violation in neutral kaon and B meson decay      88 et seq
CP violation in Standard Model      91
CPT theorem      88
Crab pulsar      208
Critical density of universe      43
Critical energy      160
Cross-section and decay rates      24
Cross-section for $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow$ anything      20
Cross-section, definition      17
Cross-section, examples of elementary cross-sections      18
Current conservation      74
Curvature of space in general relativity      38 223
Curvature parameter      38
Cycloid solution of closed universe      40
Cygnus A radio galaxy      168
Dark energy      112 et seq
Dark matter      96 et seq
DASI experiment      141 145
Decay rates and resonances      23
Deceleration parameter      47
Decoupling of matter and radiation      53 138
Degeneracy pressure      197
Density of final states      (see Phase space factor)
Diffraction scattering      25
Dipole anisotropy, of microwave radiation      140
Discovery      21
Distance - redshift relation      33
Distance modulus      35
Distances in cosmology, angular distance      224

Distances in cosmology, luminosity distance      113 224
Divergences, in quantum field theory      76
Doppler effect      33
Doppler formula      50
Down quark (d quark)      3
Effective (running) coupling      81
EGRET detector      167
Einstein radius      99
Einstein-de Sitter universe      113 234
electric dipole moment      105
Electromagnetic coupling      5
Electromagnetic interactions      8 10
Electromagnetic showers      160
Electron      3
Electron neutrino      3
Electron, degeneracy pressure      197
Electron, magnetic moment      77
Electron, radiation loss by      159
Electron-positron annihilation      68
Electron-positron colliders      222
Electroweak couplings      78
Electroweak interactions      8 13
Energy densities in universe      41
Equation of state      41
Equivalence principle      219
Eta meson $(\eta)$       95
Euler — Lagrange equation      65
Euler’s equation in fluid mechanics      231
Exchange interactions      8
Exclusion principle      6
Expansion parameter      36
Experimental searches      111
Extensive air showers      161
f-meson      94
False vacuum      80 126
Fermi coupling constant      13
Fermi energy      198
Fermi unit      2
Fermi — Dirac distribution      51
Fermi — Dirac statistics      5
Fermilab      22
Fermions, pair creation      7
Fermions, parity      69
Feynman diagrams      9 19
Fine structure constant      10
Fine tuning of      2 123
Fixed target experiments      221
Flat Universe      36
Flatness problem      123
Flavour quantum number      3
Fluctuations in microwave radiation      140
Fluctuations, adiabatic or isothermal or isocurvature      137
Fluctuations, fluorescence, from cosmic ray showers      164
Fluctuations, spectrum of      132
Four vector      222
Four-momentum transfer      223
Fourier transform      24
Friedmann equation      38 et seq
Friedmann — Lemaitre — Robertson — Walker (FLRW) model      38
Fundamental interactions, table of      5
Fusion probability and timescales      191 197
G-factor of electron and muon      77
G-factor, for electron and muon      77
Galaxies      32
Galaxies, clusters      34
Galaxies, spiral structure      33
Gamma fays, absorption in matter      160
Gamma fays, bursts      168
Gamma fays, point sources      166
Gamow energy      192
Gauge bosons      14
Gauge invariance and gauge transformations      73 et seq
Geodesies      38 225
Geomagnetic field      154
GKZ cut-off      164
Global phase transformation      74
Globular cluster      196
Gluons in quantum chromodynamics      82
Gluons, colour charge      10
Grand Unified Theories (GUTs)      84
Grand unified theories (GUTs), baryogenesis      59
Grand unified theories (GUTs), proton decay      85
Grand unified theories (GUTs), unified coupling      85
Gravitational blue shift      220
Gravitational collapse, Jeans mass and free-fall time      133
Gravitational constant      5
Gravitational interaction      8 13
Gravitational lensing      98 et seq
Gravitational, amplification      100
Gravitational, binary pulsar      184
Gravitational, Einstein radius      99
Gravitational, gravitational radiation      181 et seq
Gravitational, laboratory experiments      185
Gravitational, microlensing      101
Gravitino      87
Graviton      5
GRO satellite      167
GUTs      (see Grand unified theories)
gyromagnetic ratio      (see g-factor)
Hadrons, as quark combinations      4
Halo of galaxies      97
harmonic oscillator      117
Hawking radiation      211
Hawking radiation from      211
Heavy element production in stars      196
Helicity, definition and conservation      71
Helium burning      195
Helium-hydrogen ratio, in early universe      58
HERA ep collider      222
Herzsprung — Russell diagram      195
Hierarchy problem      76
Higgs mechanism      79
HOMESTAKE experiment      175
Horizon problem      122
Hubble expansion      32 et seq
Hubble plot      35
Hubble plot at large redshifts      112
Hubble plot for accelerating or decelerating universe      230
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)      99
Hubble time      40 131
Hubble time hydrostatic equilibrium, in star      199
Hubble time identical particles      5
Hubble’s constant      33
IMB experiment      204
IMB experiment, chaotic inflation      128
IMB experiment, fluctuation spectrum      131
IMB experiment, inertial frame      216—219
IMB experiment, inflation      124 et seq
IMB experiment, quantum fluctuations and inflation      130
Inflaton      127
Interaction cross-section, definition and formula      16 et seq
Intermediate vector boson      (see W Z
Intrinsic parity      67
Ionization energy loss, in medium      159
Ionization potential      54 159
IRAS survey      98 140
Isocurvature perturbation      137
Isospin      4
JADE detector      13
Jeans length and Jeans mass      134 et seq 233
Jets in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation      13
Jets in radiogalaxies      166
Kamiokande experiment      204
KAMLAND experiment      180
Klein — Gordon wave equation      79 229
Lagrangian energy density      65 74
Lagrangian function      65
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)      16
Large Magellanic Cloud      32 102
Large scale structure, and Jeans mass      133

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