In a critical analysis of the assumptions underlying experimental psychology, Pertti Saariluoma urges social scientists to reflect upon their procedures and methodology. He has revisited the philosophy of science to find a new way of applying its methods to psychology. Foundational analysis shows how it is possible to analyse existing arguments and find loopholes in them and raises new issues for the rationale behind empirical technique. It will be of interest to researchers and students in cognitive science and other social sciences, and in the philosophy of science.