The story of this book begins with the conference of 8–9 December 2007 entitled “Mathematics and Society” celebrating the 40 years of Quality and Quantity, International Journal of Methodology founded in 1967, under the auspices of Paul F. Lazarsfeld, by editor Vittorio Capecchi and co-editor Raymond Boudon. The journal at present is published by Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht. The editor is Vittorio Capecchi, the co-editors are Raymond Boudon and Massimo Buscema. It is a bimonthly publication and it is available online. In the first 10 years, Quality and Quantity, International Journal of Methodologypublished articles by authors writing from Europe and the United States, but in the last 10 years, a growing number of authors who present essays with mathematical models are living in Asia.