Theoretical understanding of convective and advective heat transfer phenomena in geological systems at the crustal scale is important to the understanding of controlling processes involved in ore body formation and mineralization, hydrocarbon maturation and accumulation, hot spot locations within the Earth’s crust, environmental remediation and nuclear waste storage. Such an understanding provides useful analytical and numerical tools for accurate and efficient modeling of many of these important processes within the Earth’s crust, but also on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, so that the interaction between the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the whole Earth system can be appropriately considered. Towards this end, multidisciplinary collaboration among mathematicians, engineers, chemists, physicists and geoscientists is required.