In live chapters, Part One describes the key steps in product and/or process invention, one of the most creative activities carried out by chemical engineers. It begins with the primitive problem statement and describes the formation of the design team, its idea generation phase and gathering of information, and the creation of more specific problems, with emphasis on the consideration of environmental, safety, and ethical issues. Then, for product design, it shows how to find chemicals and chemical mixtures having desired properties and performance. For process design, step-by-step, it shows how the preliminary database is created and how a synthesis tree of potential flowsheets is generated with very little analysis. For the most promising flowsheets, the design team creates a base-case design, including a detailed process flow diagram, with material and energy balances, and a more complete process integration. For the base-case design(s), a more detailed database is assembled, pilot-plant testing is undertaken, and a process simulation model is normally developed before detailed design begins, the steps of which are described in Part Three of this text.