Game theory is the formal study of conflict and cooperation. It is concerned with situations where "players" interact, so that it matters to each player what the other players do. Game theory provides mathematical tools to model, structure and analyse such interactive scenarios. The players may be, for example, competing firms, political voters, mating animals, or buyers and sellers on the internet. The language and concepts of game theory are widely used in economics, political science, biology, and computer science, to name just a few disciplines.